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Our spruce has been grown in a pot from seed right here at the Arundel Arboretum. 

Picea abies, commonly known as the Norway spruce, is a prominent coniferous tree native to Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe. Recognisable by its tall, symmetrical shape and dense, evergreen foliage, it often reaches heights of 35–55 metres, with some specimens growing even taller under optimal conditions. The Norway spruce is widely planted in Europe and North America, not only for ornamental and landscaping purposes but also for timber production, given its straight grain and versatility. Its wood, known as "whitewood," is prized in the construction industry and is also used in the manufacture of paper and musical instruments.

The tree's bark is brown to reddish and scaly, becoming rougher as it ages. Its branches grow in horizontal layers, with pendulous branchlets giving the tree a slightly weeping appearance. Needles are dark green, pointed, and around 1–2 cm in length. Cones are one of its defining features, typically measuring 10–18 cm, with a cylindrical shape and rounded, overlapping scales that turn brown as they mature.

Picea abies is hardy, thriving in a range of climates and soil types, though it prefers well-drained, acidic soils and benefits from full sun. In colder climates, it is often cultivated as a Christmas tree due to its classic conical form and appealing fragrance. However, it requires ample space for its expansive root system, making it unsuitable for small gardens.

Ecologically, the Norway spruce plays an essential role in forest ecosystems, providing habitat and food for various wildlife species. 

Pinus austriaca Nigra is a large, fast-growing, coniferous, evergreen tree initially of conical habit, later more broad and irregular, well-branched down to the ground, with deeply fissured, grey bark, and long, slightly glossy, erect, stiff, needle-like, dark green leaves. It produces cones instead of flowers and pollination is done by wind. Austrian Pine is a sun-lover. It thrives in full sun and doesn’t like shade. It is not picky about the soil. It can grow in a wide range of soils, even poor and dry, but prefers light, sandy, moist and well-drained soils. Very resilient and adaptable. It is tolerant of frost, wind, drought, and salt, suitable for urban and maritime conditions. Pinus austriaca Nigra is a beautiful, tough conifer, perfect as a specimen plant in large, informal, cottage, coastal and urban gardens. Great for planting in windy, coastal areas. Excellent for screening and windbreaks. Suitable for growing in parks and streets.

Griselinia littoralis is a large, dense, fast-growing, upright, evergreen shrub with soft, glossy, broadly oval, light green leaves. Inconspicuous, small, yellow-green flowers bloom in spring and are followed by small, purple-black fruits if both male and female plants are grown together. Griselinia littoralis can grow in various types of soils, but prefers moist, well-drained soils in full sun. It likes sheltered areas. Once established, it is tolerant of frost, harsh winds, and salt spray, therefore, very suitable for coastal conditions. Generally, pest-free and disease-free but may be affected by leaf spot. Low maintenance plant that can withstand heavy pruning. Griselinia littoralis has an attractive foliage and is a perfect plant for formal or informal hedges and screens. It quickly establishes a mature hedge and is easy to trim. One of the most suitable species for coastal areas. Great for wall-side borders in sunny positions.

Pinus sylvestris, commonly known as Scots Pine, is a handsome evergreen tree that brings year-round structure, colour and character to the garden. Native to Britain, it is particularly valued for its attractive reddish-orange bark, blue-green needles and naturally open, irregular habit as it matures.

Scots Pine is a versatile choice for larger gardens and open landscapes, where it has sufficient room to develop its distinctive shape. It can eventually become a substantial tree, so it is best planted away from buildings, boundaries and smaller planting areas. Its airy canopy allows some light to reach the ground, making it easier to underplant than many dense evergreen trees.

Once established, Pinus sylvestris is generally hardy and tolerant of exposed conditions, making it suitable for many parts of the UK, including windy and coastal locations. It performs best in well-drained soil and is particularly well suited to lighter, sandy or acidic soils, although it can tolerate a range of soil types provided drainage is reasonable.

A relatively low-maintenance tree, it requires little routine pruning and develops its best form when allowed to grow naturally. It is an excellent choice where a strong, architectural evergreen specimen is required.

Prunus lusitanica ‘Angustifolia’, commonly known as Narrow-leaf Portuguese Laurel, is a refined evergreen shrub with slender, glossy leaves and a naturally dense habit. When trained or pruned into a ball shape, it forms a compact, perfectly rounded canopy reminiscent of a green orb—elegant, architectural and ideal for structured garden styles. The dark green foliage contrasts beautifully with light-coloured flowers and perennials, while the neat sphere provides year-round form and visual interest.

This cultivar’s tidy ball shape works particularly well as a formal accent in mixed borders, gravel gardens, courtyard spaces, or flanking entrances and paths. Its evergreen nature ensures consistent greenery through all seasons, and the narrow leaves keep the silhouette refined rather than bulky. Full sun to partial shade suits it best, promoting dense growth and strong leaf colour.

Prunus lusitanica ‘Angustifolia’ is adaptable to a range of well-drained soils, tolerating chalky, clay, or loamy conditions, though it dislikes prolonged waterlogging. Regular watering during establishment and light pruning to maintain the ball form will ensure a healthy, robust plant. Overall, its elegant shape and reliable evergreen performance make it a versatile and attractive choice for both formal and contemporary gardens.

Taxus baccata, or Common Yew, is a long-lived, medium-sized, bushy evergreen tree of pyramidal habit, with leathery, flat-needled, light to dark green foliage. Inconspicuous flowers bloom in spring and are followed by very ornamental, red, berry-like fruits on female plants in autumn. Fruits are attractive to birds. Common Yew grows best in evenly moist, fertile, sandy, loamy, well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade, but it can adapt to a wide range of soils, except poorly-drained. It is tolerant of full shade, exposed positions, and urban pollution. It doesn’t like temperature extremes, and need protection from harsh winter winds. Low maintenance plant, doesn’t require pruning, but can be trimmed in various shapes. Taxus bacca is a tough and resilient plant suitable for various conditions, one of the best conifers for shady areas. Perfect as a specimen or accent plant. Excellent for hedges and screens. Great for foundation plantings or topiaries.

Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’, commonly called Shenandoah Switch Grass, is an excellent ornamental grass for gardens, prized for its striking foliage and resilience. This warm-season perennial, makes it suitable for a wide range of climates. It grows in upright clumps reaching about 3–4 feet tall, with narrow green leaves that develop deep burgundy-red tones by midsummer, intensifying through autumn.

One of its key advantages is adaptability. It tolerates poor soils, drought, and even periodic flooding once established, making it ideal for low-maintenance landscapes. Shenandoah Switch Grass prefers full sun but can handle light shade, though color may be less intense. It also resists deer and pests, reducing upkeep.

In gardens, it works beautifully in mixed borders, prairie-style plantings, or as a bold accent in modern landscapes. Its airy, reddish flower panicles appear in late summer, adding texture and movement. Beyond beauty, it provides habitat for birds and supports pollinators.

With minimal watering needs and a strong vertical form, Panicum ‘Shenandoah’ is a versatile, sustainable, and visually stunning choice that enhances gardens with year-round interest.

Hosta Big Daddy is a slow-growing, clump-forming perennial with an attractive, large, blue-green foliage. Very ornamental, broad, rounded, textured, blue-green leaves retain their beautiful colour most of the growing season if grown in shady conditions. White to pale lavender, bell-shaped flowers appear on tall flower scapes in summer and rise above the foliage.

Hosta Big Daddy thrives organically rich, moist, well-drained soils in partial to full shade. It likes some morning sun and consistent moisture. Once established, it can withstand dry shade. It needs to be sheltered from cold, dry winds. Low maintenance plant. Slugs and snails may damage the foliage, but it is more slug resistant than other hosta varieties. Toxic to dogs, cats, and horses. One of the best blue hostas and a perfect plant for shady areas. Great as a background plant, for beds and borders, mixed with other perennials, or planted under the shrubs and roses. Suitable for informal, cottage, woodland, and urban gardens.

Cornus kousa 'Milky Way' is a small deciduous tree that is a member of the dogwood family. It is prized for its stunning ornamental features, including its striking white blooms that appear in late spring or early summer, followed by its unique fruit that ripens in the fall. The 'Milky Way' cultivar is notable for its profuse, large, and showy flowers. The creamy-white blooms are star-shaped and feature four bracts, which surround a small, yellowish-green cluster of true flowers in the center. The tree's leaves are a glossy, deep green color and turn shades of red, orange, and purple in the fall, providing a colorful autumnal display. This variety is also known for its exceptional disease resistance, particularly against powdery mildew, a common fungal disease that affects many dogwood species. 'Milky Way' can reach a height of 20 to 30 feet with a spread of 15 to 20 feet at maturity. It prefers well-drained soil and partial to full sun exposure.

Olea Europea is one of the world’s oldest cultivated plants with Mediterranean origin. It’s a wonderful, slow-growing, long-lived, evergreen tree of very attractive habit and spreading crown, with gnarled, twisted trunk and silvery foliage. The elliptic leaves are grey-green, silvery underneath. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers are followed by small, olive-rich, plum-like fruits, harvested when they are green or purple. Fruits are not edible directly from the tree, but after a special treatment. Common Olive grows best in fertile, loamy, moist, well-drained soils, in full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. Once established, it is drought-tolerant. It thrives in warm climates. If grown in colder areas, it should be planted in containers and brought inside during the winter. Generally, disease-free. Olea Europea is mostly grown for its tasteful fruits, but it is also an attractive-looking addition to urban, coastal, Mediterranean, or rock and gravel gardens. It is suitable for growing in pots and containers.

This specimen has 90-100cm gnarly trunk which forks into a neat two brached tree with heavy top. Amount of foliage may vary depending on the season and prunning requirement. 

Olea Europea is one of the world’s oldest cultivated plants with Mediterranean origin. It’s a wonderful, slow-growing, long-lived, evergreen tree of very attractive habit and spreading crown, with gnarled, twisted trunk and silvery foliage. The elliptic leaves are grey-green, silvery underneath. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers are followed by small, olive-rich, plum-like fruits, harvested when they are green or purple. Fruits are not edible directly from the tree, but after a special treatment. Common Olive grows best in fertile, loamy, moist, well-drained soils, in full sun, but can tolerate partial shade. Once established, it is drought-tolerant. It thrives in warm climates. If grown in colder areas, it should be planted in containers and brought inside during the winter. Generally, disease-free. Olea Europea is mostly grown for its tasteful fruits, but it is also an attractive-looking addition to urban, coastal, Mediterranean, or rock and gravel gardens. It is suitable for growing in pots and containers.

Cercis siliquastrum, commonly known as the Judas tree or love tree, is a deciduous tree native to the Mediterranean region, including parts of Southern Europe and Western Asia. It is a member of the bean family (Fabaceae) and is known for its vibrant, pink-purple flowers and heart-shaped leaves. The Judas tree can grow up to 10 meters tall and has a spreading, umbrella-shaped crown. Its bark is smooth and gray-brown, and its branches are often twisted and gnarled, adding to its aesthetic appeal. The tree typically blooms in early spring, before its leaves appear, producing an abundance of small, pink-purple flowers that grow in clusters on the branches and trunk. These flowers are a valuable source of nectar for bees and other pollinators. After flowering, the tree produces flattened, brown seed pods that hang from the branches throughout the summer. These pods can be several centimeters long and contain numerous small seeds. The Judas tree is a popular ornamental tree in gardens and parks, where it is valued for its attractive appearance and early spring flowering. It prefers full sun or partial shade and well-drained soil, and is generally hardy and easy to grow.

Tsuga canadensis ‘Pendula’, commonly known as weeping Canadian hemlock, is a highly ornamental, evergreen conifer prized for its graceful, cascading form and soft, dark green needles. Its distinctive weeping branches create a flowing, layered appearance that adds elegance and movement to the garden. Ideal as a specimen plant, it brings structure and year-round interest to shady borders, woodland gardens, or sloped landscapes where its draping habit can be showcased.

This cultivar is slow-growing and can be trained or staked to achieve various shapes, including upright with drooping branches or a spreading, ground-hugging form. It typically grows 5 to 15 feet tall and wide, depending on training and space. 'Pendula' thrives in partial to full shade and prefers moist, well-drained, acidic soils. It is hardy and benefits from shelter against harsh wind or strong sun, which can scorch its foliage.

Low-maintenance and deer-resistant, it requires little pruning beyond shaping and responds well to thoughtful training. Tsuga canadensis ‘Pendula’ is an elegant, versatile choice for gardeners seeking a dramatic yet refined evergreen focal point in shaded or naturalistic garden settings.

The Acer palmatum 'Brown Sugar' is a captivating Japanese maple variety known for its dense, bushy form and striking foliage. This compact, deciduous tree features vibrant leaves that transition from a rich burgundy in spring to a deep brownish-red in summer, and finally to fiery orange and red hues in autumn. With an elegant, multi-branched structure, it typically reaches heights of 8-10 feet, making it ideal for small gardens, containers, or as a stunning focal point in any landscape. ‘Brown Sugar’ thrives best in partial shade to full sun, preferring well-drained soil with regular moisture. Resistant to many pests and diseases, this tree offers year-round beauty and low maintenance, enhancing any outdoor space with its unique color palette and form.

Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia) is a medium-sized, exotic-looking, evergreen shrub with huge, palmate, deeply-lobed, glossy, bright green leaves. Clusters of bright to cremy-white flowers bloom in autumn and are followed by small, round, shiny, black ornamental berries. Fatsia japonica can grow in any type of soil, but prefers compost-rich, slightly acidic, moist and well-drained soils. It is very adaptable and can grow in full sun, partial shade, or full shade. It’s a tropical plant that likes warm temperatures, but too strong sun, as well as strong winds, can damage the leaves. It needs annual pruning. Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia) brings an exciting tropical look to the landscape, especially when combined with bamboos and grasses. Perfect for informal, cottage, coastal, or urban gardens. Great as a focal point in shaded areas, as a foundation plant, near pools and water gardens, or in outdoor containers. Suitable for growing as a houseplant.

The Acer palmatum 'Red Emperor' is a captivating Japanese maple known for its deep red foliage that holds color brilliantly throughout the growing season. This bushy, upright tree features finely cut, vibrant leaves that emerge bright red in spring, deepen to a rich crimson in summer, and turn to fiery scarlet in fall, creating a striking display. Growing up to 15-20 feet, 'Red Emperor' has a graceful, spreading form and is hardy, resistant to leaf scorch in sun and heat. Ideal as a focal point in gardens, it thrives in well-drained soil with moderate moisture and partial shade. With its bold color, easy-care nature, and dramatic form, 'Red Emperor' is a favorite for adding elegance to any landscape.

Viburnum Opulus, also known as Snowball Bush or Guelder Rose. This deciduous shrub is celebrated for its stunning appearance and graceful clusters of snowy white flowers. Let us explore the features, cultivation tips, and overall allure of Viburnum Opulus.

Viburnum Opulus is renowned for its breathtaking flower clusters that resemble fluffy snowballs. These showy inflorescences, up to 4-5 inches in diameter, create a captivating visual spectacle. Starting as vibrant lime-green buds, they gradually transform into pure white blossoms, adding a touch of elegance to any garden.

In addition to its enchanting flowers, this Viburnum species boasts attractive foliage. The leaves are prominently veined, vibrant green, and deeply lobed, lending a textured and ornamental appeal to the shrub. During fall, the foliage undergoes a vibrant color transformation, turning shades of reddish-purple and burgundy, adding another layer of visual interest to the landscape.

Following the flowering period, Viburnum Opulus produces abundant clusters of glossy, translucent red berries. These berries are not only visually striking but also serve as a valuable food source for various bird species. If you enjoy attracting wildlife to your garden, this shrub will be a delightful addition.

Viburnum Opulus thrives in well-drained soil and prefers a spot with partial shade to full sun exposure. It can adapt to a range of soil types but prefers moist, fertile soil. Regular watering, especially during dry spells, is crucial for establishing young plants. Once mature, Viburnum Opulus is relatively drought-tolerant. Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the shrub will help retain soil moisture and control weeds. Pruning is generally unnecessary but can be done after flowering to maintain shape.

This species is known for its hardiness, capable of withstanding colder climates, including frost. It is relatively disease-resistant and requires minimal care once established, making it an ideal choice for both experienced and novice gardeners.

Viburnum Opulus, with its show-stopping flower clusters, lush foliage, and vibrant berries, is a captivating addition to any garden. Its resilience, coupled with its aesthetic appeal, makes it a highly sought-after shrub for both ornamental and wildlife-friendly landscapes. Whether you're looking to enhance your garden's beauty or attract feathered visitors, Viburnum Opulus Roseum is a delightful choice that will undoubtedly charm you and your visitors alike.

Juniperus chinensis 'Stricta' is a small, compact, coniferous, evergreen shrub of narrowly pyramidal habit, with a peeling bark, tight, ascending branches, sprays of aromatic, soft, blue-green leaves, and small berry-like seed cones known as juniper berries. Juniperus chinensis 'Stricta' can adapt to a wide range of soils, including clay and poor ones, but is best grown in average, loose, medium moisture, well-drained soils. It prefers sunny positions, but can adapt to some shade. It thrives in cool weather and can tolerate heat. Once established, tolerant of drought. Very resistant to frost, low temperatures, and exposed positions. Low maintenance plant, doesn’t require pruning. Chinese Juniper 'Stricta' is stunning, ornamental tree, perfect as a specimen or accent plant in small gardens and narrow spaces. It resembles Italian Cypress but is much stronger and hardy. It is great for foundation plantings and hedging and screens. Good for a windbreak. Suitable for growing in containers.

Camellia R.L. Wheeler is a bold and beautiful evergreen shrub prized for its large, vibrant rose-red blooms that appear in mid to late season. The flowers are often peony or semi-double in form, with ruffled petals that create a full, lush appearance. Its deep green, glossy foliage provides year-round structure and contrast, enhancing the dramatic effect of the blooms.

This camellia grows into a medium to large-sized shrub with a strong, upright habit, making it an excellent choice for feature planting, screens, or woodland-style gardens. It prefers a sheltered position with dappled or morning sun and protection from harsh afternoon rays and strong winds.

Like all camellias, R.L. Wheeler thrives in slightly acidic, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Mulching and regular watering help maintain optimal conditions. With proper care, it brings vibrant color and elegance to the garden during the cooler months.

Prunus lusitanica 'Angustifolia' is a dense, neat and tidy, evergreen shrub or small tree of compact, rounded to conical habit, with narrow, long, glossy, dark green leaves. Young stems are vivid red. Small, fragrant, creamy-white flowers bloom in late spring or early summer and are followed by dark purple berries in autumn. Attractive to pollinators and birds. Prunus lusitanica 'Angustifolia' is adaptable to a wide range of soils and conditions. It thrives in fertile, moist, well-drained soil, and grows well in full sun or partial shade. It is resistant to frost, but doesn’t’ like very exposed sites, therefore, needs to be sheltered from strong winds. Low maintenance plant, tolerant of hard pruning. Portuguese Laurel 'Angustifolia', differs from the classic variety for its greater density and narrower leaves. It is, therefore, superb for formal hedges. It forms great windbreaks and privacy screens. It reduces noise and pollution. It can be grown as a topiary tree.